Two Orthodox Christian Countries at War: A Brief History of the Orthodox Church BY J. EUGENE CLAY
President Vladimir Putin’s decision to attack Ukraine has split the Orthodox Church. Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople, a leading authority of the Eastern Orthodox Church, quickly condemned the “ unprovoked invasion of Ukraine .” By contrast, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, has supported the war, which he claimed in a sermon was a struggle to defend “ human civilization” against the “sin” of “gay-pride parades .” As a scholar who has spent several decades studying religion in Russia , I’m following the debates within the Orthodox Church very closely. To better understand the current conflict, it is helpful to know more about the structure and history of Orthodox Christianity. What is the Orthodox Church? Orthodoxy is the smallest of the three major branches of Christianity, which also includes Catholicism and Protestantism. There are about 1.34 billion Catholics, about 600 million Protestants and approximate...