Since 7 October 2023, the Israeli military has increased its use of drones known as "quadcopters" in the Gaza Strip, after previously deploying them in eastern and border areas.
This type of drone has been used extensively and on an unprecedented scale, are of multiple types, and their use has are not limited to attacking resistance fighters.
The Israeli military has relied on quadcopters in its field operations. Some emitted disturbing sounds or sent messages to civilians about displacement and movement, while others carried weapons. Particular types were designated for assassinations, either by detonating themselves or dropping explosive munitions.
Quadcopters have played an active and significant role in the context of this war, after previously appearing during the Great March of Return protests along the Gaza Strip border, which Palestinians organised from 2018 to 2023.
60 killed
A report issued by the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor on 12 September this year found that the Israeli army had killed at least 60 civilians with fire from these drones or with munitions they dropped since the ceasefire came into effect on 10 October 2025 until early September 2026.
According to the report, Israel has used small multi-rotor quadcopters and tactical drones in the Gaza Strip, which can be equipped with daylight and thermal cameras and systems for identifying and tracking targets.
It said some models can, depending on the mission, be fitted with 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm weapons or 40 mm explosive munitions.
Palestinians recently documented a video that was widely circulated on social media and described as "terrifying". It showed a quadcopter landing in Gaza City's eastern Tuffah neighbourhood at extremely low altitudes among residents' homes, filming inside homes and taking advantage of the absence of windows.
The footage reflects one of the typical ways this drone operates. The aircraft has become part of Palestinians' daily routine in Gaza, whether through its filming operations, deliberate or random gunfire towards areas where displaced people are staying, or the occasional dropping of inciting leaflets aimed at Palestinian resistance factions.
The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor said field monitoring had identified three main patterns in the use of these aircraft.
The first involved precise and direct gunfire at individuals whom the operator could see and identify.
The second involved dropping explosive munitions on civilian gatherings and tents housing displaced people.
The third involved imposing fire control over areas adjacent to what is known as the "yellow line" by targeting civilians as they attempted to reach their homes and land or carry out their work there.
Ramy Abdu, head of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, said the group had documented a rise in the Israeli army's use of quadcopters as a tool for precise killing in the Gaza Strip.
He stressed that they had not been used only to assassinate activists or people Israel claims are wanted but had also been used to target civilians, including children, directly.
He told The New Arab that the danger of using quadcopters lies in "their technical capabilities, which allow the operator to monitor the targeted person, verify their identity and track their movements before opening fire, greatly narrowing the margin for error in identifying the target and increasing the obligation to refrain from attacking when their civilian status becomes apparent, or there is any doubt about it".
He added that the repeated targeting of children, displaced people, farmers and shepherds with direct fire or munitions dropped from these aircraft, despite the clarity of their civilian status and their lack of any direct participation in hostilities or any imminent threat, collectively provides strong indications that targeting civilians was deliberate and was not the result of an error in identifying the target or an accidental attack.
He noted that these attacks are "prohibited from the outset" and cannot be justified on the grounds of military necessity or subjected to a proportionality assessment.
He further said that direct attacks on civilians are already prohibited and are not permitted by claims of military necessity or the rules of proportionality, and Israel's use of this weapon, according to the group's documentation, violates the principle of distinction under international humanitarian law, which requires parties to a conflict to distinguish between civilians and combatants.
Abdu stressed that the situation differs from weapons that may lack the ability to distinguish, as "the decision to open fire on civilians despite having the full ability to distinguish them is not related to the weapon's inability to distinguish, which means systematic, deliberate and intentional targeting".
On the ground, quadcopters are constantly present in the skies over the Gaza Strip, including areas where displaced people are staying.
Palestinians in displacement areas see these aircraft flying at different hours of the day and descending to extremely low altitudes.
Use of drones
Brigadier General and military affairs expert Naji Melaab said Israel had developed its use of small drones in the Gaza Strip, so they were no longer limited to reconnaissance and intelligence-gathering missions but had become a tool for carrying out precise targeting and killing operations.
Melaab told The New Arab that these drones are distinguished by their small size and ability to move in places that are difficult for soldiers to reach.
He said that they have been used inside tunnels and buildings in Gaza, where they can film the location and transmit information and images directly to the control centre.
He added that the drone can be operated by a single soldier and has advanced capabilities, including capturing sounds and transmitting them to the operator.
It can also create noise or broadcast messages depending on the mission assigned to it.
Melaab also said the most significant development was equipping the drone with a machine gun that allows the operator to control gunfire with precision.
He explained that it can also destroy itself if it crashes or reaches a designated location, and that Israel has used these drones in the Gaza Strip, particularly for reconnaissance operations, as well as for assassinations. The use represents a shift from drones designed for surveillance to systems capable of carrying out direct offensive missions.
This development reflects an advanced use of artificial intelligence and military technology in the war on Gaza, as the drone now combines reconnaissance, target identification and the ability to carry out strikes, thereby allowing killings to be conducted from a distance without soldiers entering the targeted location, according to Melaab.
He warned of the danger of this type of operation, particularly when relying on inaccurate intelligence.
Targeting a building or home with a drone can result in civilian deaths amid the difficulty of verifying information on the ground before carrying out the strike.
The article was translated from Arabic by Afrah Almatwari. To read the original, click here.